Enjoy the video from the One if by Land, Two if by Sea Fashion Show from the 2019 ASG Conference in Boston. The show was emceed by Nick Coman from Dragonfly Dyeworks.
Mannequins Throughout the Decades
When mannequins were first introduced to storefront windows around the 1850’s in France, they were heavy beasts made of iron, wood and wax. The latter, as you could imagine, melted and the forms held stiff poses and were easily broken. In America, the stiffness relaxed in the early 1900s but the Women’s Christian Temperance Union’s view of them did not. The group took offense as apparently even these less-than-lifelike body replicas were too revealing when used to sell corsets. Some cities even passed laws that required store windows to be covered while mannequins were dressed and undressed.
New Materials
In the 1930s, the faux bodies became lighter as thin material enveloped metal skeletons and limbs were easier to reposition. Earlier, and for decades to come, mannequins reflected bodies and faces of recognizable celebrities. Plastic bodies were introduced during WWII but to ill effect. A chemical reaction from display windows turned mannequins green. During those war years, the mannequins were also hit by rationing; shorter and slimmer mannequins were the norm, but only for a few years. Once troops returned, plumped-up, voluptuous mannequins welcomed the soldiers home.
Soon thereafter, nipples became a no-no and those anatomically accurate nubs were sanded off of older mannequins. They become acceptable again in the 1960s, which also brought us silhouettes resembling Marilyn Monroe and her often unachievable hourglass shape. Barbie, with her much narrower waist, debuted at the end of the decade. Later, a 1990’s study revealed that mannequins from the ‘60s had smaller arm, hip, and thigh circumferences than their pre-WWII counterparts.
Changing Body Styles
Sturdier fiberglass produced lighter mannequins in the ‘70s and waif-like Twiggy influenced the shape. Celebrity bodies and faces were replaced with mannequins that sprouted heads with expressionless faces. Jane Fonda and the aerobics era arrived in the ‘80s and influenced mannequins with more toned body shapes. As that decade came to a close the movie Mannequin hit theaters.
Sporty gave way to waif again, or rather the sickly stick-thin figures of the 1990s and model Kate Moss. Even so, plus-sized mannequins emerged. Characteristically, they weren’t accurate representations of women’s bodies but amplified proportions of existing mannequins. The century turned and manufacturers churned out ubiquitous forms that, like the Grinch’s heart, were two sizes too small. The average American female body was size 14, according to the Centers for Disease Control. Mannequins were sized 8-10.
The winds of change blew and today’s mannequins are more diverse.
Curvier plus-sized shapes. Mannequins in wheelchairs. With freckles. Wearing hijabs. A better reflection of women in today’s world. It also has become easier to create new mannequins. Traditional manufactured forms are several hundred dollars each making it costly to replace an army of store mannequins. Today’s 3-D scanning and printing can produce different – and realistic – shapes faster and at lower costs.
Interested in reading more?
- https://nypost.com/2018/03/12/real-girl-mannequins-are-coming-to-a-store-near-you/
- http://www.hopesandfears.com/hopes/city/fashion/213389-history-of-mannequins
- https://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/fashion-clothing-industry/mannequins
- https://www.racked.com/2017/6/28/15822408/mannequin-sizes-body-image
~Pamela Lardinois, Milwaukee ASG Off The Cuff, Apr/May 2019
Copyright © All content is copyrighted to the author and may only be reprinted with permission.
Meet Linda Lee
Congratulations to Linda Lee on her induction into the 2019 ASG Hall of Fame!
Linda has long been one of ASG’s most popular educators at ASG conferences as well as a sought-after speaker at ASG chapters throughout the country. She began her sewing journey at a very young age sewing doll clothes and, by the sixth grade, she had begun her first business venture by making and selling felt beanie hats for $1 each. She soon expanded her line with dirndl skirts and a career was born. Her formal training began at Kansas State University with a degree in Interior Design which included two years as a Clothing and Textiles major.
Her resume reflects a number of business endeavors including I, a commercial and residential interior company; Threadwear, a retail fabric store; and The Sewing Workshop, a sewing school in San Francisco. When asked about how this all came about, Linda commented, “When you don’t have access to good fabric, then doesn’t it make sense to open a fabric store? It did to me. I had heard about a woman in Kansas City named Karen Ladish who knew the insides of the garment district in New York. She took me there and showed me how to buy fabric from the jobbers and brokers at the right prices. It was fascinating!”
As a shop owner, Linda took a class from sewing icon Sandra Betzina and said, “I couldn’t get enough of what she had to say. That was the first time I had ever heard of The Sewing Workshop, a sewing school in San Francisco. I went there and fell in love with the place. And it was Sandra who encouraged me to buy it. So let’s see, if you don’t have access to good sewing education, then doesn’t it make sense to buy a school? It did to me.”
Continuing to reflect on the path her career has taken, Linda said, “The best seamstress I have ever met, Shermane Fouche, was teaching at The Sewing Workshop at the time. One Sunday night I was in her studio while she was putting the finishing touches on her first pattern collection. This was before Fedex and I discovered that the patterns needed to be at her printer the following day in Manhattan, KS. Well, I was flying home to Kansas, so I offered to hand deliver the patterns to McCalls in Kansas. And that’s where the idea of starting a Sewing Workshop pattern collection began.”
Linda describes these patterns as “designs that are simple but have a little ‘edge’ to them so they are more interesting to construct—a unique detail, a fine finish, asymmetry. I think it is important to teach people the correct way to do things and to offer some challenges as well. Over time, we have evolved from a pattern company that had mostly oversized Asian-inspired designs to a much more wearable wardrobe concept theme. They are designed to fit a lot of body types and to span the generations, too. If I wear them at 71 and my daughter at 30 wears them, then I consider that a success. The steps to construct each pattern are illustrated in great detail making it easy to make one of our patterns. All of the production of our patterns happens in-house so we are in complete control of every step. The only thing we sub-contract is the fashion illustration on the cover of the envelope.”
Getting back to her career path, Linda continued, “At the same time, I started the Sewing Workshop pattern collection, I received a phone call from Vogue/Butterick pattern company in New York who wanted to use The Sewing Workshop as the site for filming a pilot television show. Of course I took that phone call and promptly converted the school to a filming studio for about a week. The pilot sold to PBS and 30 shows needed to be produced. They needed ideas for the 30 shows, so I became the content editor and writer for all of the shows. This is where I honed my skills for making step-out samples, writing scripts and boiling content down to a few minutes—all within a really tight timeline and budget.”
Linda also filmed over 100 how-to shows on HGTV, filmed shows for Sew It All and It’s Sew Easy for PBS, became a contributing editor to Threads magazine, and wrote 13 books related to sewing and home decorating. Her latest book is Sewing Knits from Fit to Finish. And if that wasn’t enough, she also produced a tutorial program called Sew Confident! featuring fitting, pattern variations, wardrobing, sewing techniques, and sewing inspiration with over 65 online sewing tutorials on her website.
With this wealth of knowledge and experience, it is no wonder that students flock to her classes when we are fortunate to have her teach at conference. And if you haven’t been able to get into one of her classes there, don’t despair. Linda also has a number of classes on Bluprint.com (formerly Craftsy).
When asked what she has enjoyed most about her career, she was quick to respond, “I love the thrill of marketing and selling the best. I think that anyone who is in business needs to love that part of a business; otherwise, it is pointless. I am bored by the repetitive aspects of what my business requires such as sewing. I don’t like to make the same thing twice; however, unfortunately, that has to happen when developing a pattern. I like to think about things and then delegate. Don’t get me wrong, I love to sew, but I would prefer to sew without deadlines and just for me instead of constantly sewing for a purpose in the business. I do use some really fine seamstresses to make some of the samples but, ultimately, I need to sew most of the samples garments in order to understand the hurdles of a design or a particular fabric.”
Linda reflected, “Everything has come together and formed a rich career that I can’t seem to leave. But I am watching the young people in my company begin to implement new ideas and take charge. My daughter Alex will complete her Masters in Fashion Management from the London College of Fashion this October. Will she join my company? I hope so! I have never felt more positive about the future of sewing — it really is in good hands. I enjoy reading blogs, following mind-blowing fashions, and staying tuned into Instagram. I am looking forward to seeing where The Sewing Workshop will be in 10 years. Hopefully I will be starting some new project, because if I don’t have access to something I need, perhaps I will start it or buy it.”
Linda is a proud ASG member in the Kansas City Chapter and offers fellow ASG members a generous one-time per year discount of 25%. Check the Special Offers page in the Members Only area for the code. Be sure to check out Linda’s collection of patterns and other items on The Sewing Workshop website.
~Rosemary Fajgier
The American Sewing Guild is truly fortunate to be able to count many gifted sewing designers and instructors among our friends, members, and supporters. Throughout this coming year we will be featuring some of them in our Notions Blog. We hope you will enjoy reading about them and take the opportunity to get to know them better and explore their many talents by visiting their websites, taking their classes, and discovering the wide variety of designs they bring to the home sewing market.
You Sew, Could You…
Whenever I hear those words, every cell in my body goes on high alert. I never know what will follow, but it is rarely good. “Could you replace this zipper—in my jeans?” “Could you hem my daughter’s prom gown, all six layers with ruffles?” “Could you make floor to ceiling pinch pleat draperies for my 6 dining room windows by next Friday, just in time for my Christmas party?”
Over the years I have cultivated the ability to say NO to most of these requests, but when a dear friend approached me recently, what she offered was an interesting challenge. She handed me two identical designer ties and asked me to make “something” from them as a gag gift for the wife of a co-worker. She explained that it was a long standing tradition that she gave a designer tie to the co-worker each year for Christmas, and she recently found out that his wife liked the ties so much that she “dressed” him around the ties. Now that he was retiring, it was the wife’s turn to get a tie. She left the ties with me. First mistake.
I have seen curtains, vests, skirts, quilts, and other items made from a collection of old ties, but I had never seen anything from just two identical ones. My mind raced with a million practical questions like:
- How much fabric could possibly be in a tie?
- What could be constructed from something that is only about 4 inches across at the widest point and tapers down from there?
- How could I piece these varying narrow strips together and make it look good?
- What would be worth my time creating that might be a gag gift, but still be practical enough to use and look good?
“With each question, the level of dread rose steadily. How could I have allowed myself to be sucked into this undertaking? Why did I say yes? Did I even say yes or did she just leave the ties?”
Off to my sewing room I went, armed with two ties and a seam ripper. The deconstruction aspect was not as tiresome as I feared. Actually, it was quite easy, just some hand stitching to undo and remove the designer labels. Oh, but there was a receipt in the bag. The ties had cost $20 each, marked down from $40. That meant that for the two ties, the equivalent of about a quarter yard of fabric, she had paid $40. It didn’t take a genius to do the math and come up with an equivalent price of $160 per yard, marked down from $320! Oh, no pressure! I think it took me about a month before I gathered the courage to make the first cut, and then I did so gingerly for fear of wasting even a tiny inch of fabric and coming up short.
Could I, Should I… Make a Purse?
Since I love making purses, I decided to go in that direction. The deconstructed tie yielded a piece of fabric that was 7 ½ inches at its widest point. I took two foundation pieces of fabric and laid the wide points of the ties centered on the foundation. Then I played with the remaining pieces and tried to match the swirls of color on either side of the main sections. Luckily the ties were close enough to being identical that I was able to get both the front and back to look similar. But how could I attach the pieces and make them look attractive and not just patched?
Time for some creativity…
I solved this dilemma by making very narrow piping to place between the sections. It gave the impression of an accent piece and was just enough to divert the eye from seeing that the prints did not match up exactly. And the black made the royal purple of the tie pop.
Once the three sections were stitched to the foundation piece, I gave the bag some shape by rounding the lower corners and making the front and back identical. From there it was easy. I cut a lining from the same black fabric that I had used for the piping, inserted a zipper between the two layers, then seamed around the outside edge, also using the piping to accent. I even made a prairie point accent on the front and sewed a gold button on it to bring a bit more glitz to the project. The handle was created from a piece of jewelry chain that I doubled and twisted together for added strength.
When it was done, I was amazed. It didn’t look like two ties thrown together. It looked pretty darn good! The finished bag measured about 9” x 12”, and there were still a few scraps left over. Not one to waste fabric (especially at that equivalent $160 per yard) I pieced the remaining sections together to make an eyeglass case and a credit card carrier.
Looking for handbag handles for your new bag? Amazon offers wooden handles, leather straps, chain, bamboo, cord, ribbon and more!
I was so pleased with the finished item, I took it to every ASG meeting I went to for “Show and Tell.” I was rewarded with not only their “ooohs” and “ahhhhs” but also requests to teach the project. These sewing friends gave me all the encouragement I needed to finally turn the purse over. And my friend was duly impressed. She said she couldn’t believe I had made something so large, attractive, and useful from those ties. She no longer thought of it as a gag gift, but rather a truly one of a kind designer purse.
So maybe I shouldn’t automatically say no when I hear someone say, “you sew… “ But I am still not replacing zippers in jeans!
ASG Members can access the instructions for making this Necktie Purse by logging in to Member’s Only and going to the ASG Online! area (under Education).
~Rosemary Fajgier
An Interview with Kenneth D. King
ASG Conference 2019 is over but the memories live on. There are so many conference highlights, but the topic of this article is the pleasure I had of interviewing Kenneth D. King on Thursday evening. The room filled with anticipation as the interview began. I had been working with Kenneth for months to prepare and the time was finally here. As we sat in front of the audience in our easy chairs, what unfolded was a fun “living room chat” filled with interesting tidbits and lots of laughter. Video of this event will be shared in the future, but that will take a little longer so, in the meantime, I hope you will enjoy these highlights. If you missed the event, you can at least get a taste of the great time we had spending the evening with Kenneth D. King.
Kenneth D. King
Kenneth D. King started his life journey in Salinas, KS. That journey has continued through OKC, San Francisco, and ultimately today, to NYC. He graduated Summa Cum Laude with a BS in Fashion Merchandising in OKC which launched his professional career. From there he moved to San Francisco to work in window display, but decided that he wanted his own business, which he started in 1986. His focus at that time was millinery.
After being in business for three years, he studied French Couture patternmaking for 9 months with Simmin (pronounced “Simone”) Sethna. His career began as a display manager in Oklahoma, but his true identity began to emerge and flourish after branching out on his own. Today we see him as an accomplished designer, adjunct professor, workshop teacher, author of 5 books and more articles and educational publications than I can count. He also has a novel, a podcast, and an audiobook to his credit. His work has been displayed in museums, seen on the red carpet, worn in concert tours, commercials, music videos, and highlighted in publications. His list of accomplishments is long and impressive. What a pleasure it is to spend time hearing from Kenneth D. King.
The Man Behind the Designs
How do you define yourself? Teacher, Designer, Author, or Other?
I’m a hybrid. I call myself a couture designer first, then a teacher, author, and storyteller. Over the years, I’ve realized that the central pivot of my career, has been—my craft. It’s been about making things, figuring out how to make things, writing about that, telling stories about that, teaching that, and entertaining myself and others with that.
More recently, as a writer, I’m embarking on another project—telling a particular story. I have the novel, which spawned the screenplay, and the podcast. Another project to add to my life.
Tell us about your latest book
And by the way, did you know we sold over 150 books for this event!
Why did you write it?
I wrote it because Judy Neukam understood better what was in my head than I did. She intuitively knew the information was far more useful, and also knew how to format it in such a way to give value to as many as possible. Also, since I’m a little lazy, she insisted. She also championed the project to the good people at Taunton.
What was the favorite part of the process?
Working with Judy Neukam.
The hardest part?
The fittings and muslins. That was a heavy lift—I did the main part of the sewing, before we photographed, and during, as we were generating the second and third muslins.
How long was this book in the works?
As I remember, it was at least 18 months, but may have stretched a little longer. Books have a long lead time.
Someone asked why you didn’t address pants in this book? Can you talk about that?
Fitting trousers is a whole other topic. For women more than men. Men have two basic shapes and are easier. Since women are more genetically diverse (men have blank spaces on the Y chromosome which explains so much), there is an infinite variety of hip shapes. Hence another book.
Over the Years
How have you seen your style/techniques change over time?
My early work was more structured, with more interlinings and such. My first wave was what I called the “embellishment” work. It was a particular technique that answered a question. I did an evening vest with embellished lapels, and that was my breakout hit—it got me out of retail. But I’m dyslexic, and needed a method to make the embellishments appear symmetrical. I hit on using yardage trim, because of a regular unit of repeat. Answering that question of symmetry made a body of work.
I moved onto sheer fabrics, because the inside is visible from the outside. So there were different questions I had to ask—like how to smock organza without the thread showing, or how to make a complex garment without seams or apparent seams. It’s answering the questions that develops the techniques.
What has shaped those changes?
Simple avoidance of boredom, that’s the easy answer. On a more complex level, I wanted to develop something that wasn’t there already. It’s a response to an experience I had years ago, when I got the see the collection of John Galliano in Paris that got him the job with LVMH.
Those Fabulous Hats!
Tell us the story behind the Elton John hats you designed.
I adored Elton as a teenager. So, when I started in my business selling to a store in L.A. called Maxfield, it was his lyricist Bernie Taupin who bought a vest first. I guess he saw it on Bernie. He went into the store, bought a vest, ordered more, and we were off and running. He has the really good pieces—accessories, hats, vests, dinner jackets, the first footstool. Each hat has a story, but the Diet Coke hat was exciting. He ordered a specific red—lipstick red—so I thought it might be for a specific project. The concert tour in 1988 was wildly exciting and scary—I had to tame a monster (the owner of Maxfield) first, though.
The Barbie Project
You have been involved with so many various projects. This next one looks like it was a lot of fun.
Tell us the story behind your recent Barbie couture project.
I got my start sewing Barbie clothes when I was four. So in January, my sister-in-law gently suggested that her granddaughter was Barbie age and might like some Barbie clothes. I bought a reproduction of the old-school doll, and started making clothes, and posting on Instagram. The fashion editor for New York Magazine saw them, contacted me, and asked me to replicate some looks from the collections for an article they were doing on Barbie as Influencer. So I got paid a whopping amount to make some tiny couture. Then it turned into a rabbit hole—I don’t see an end in sight. But jumping scale, as my friend Marshall says, made me re-think how things go together, as tiny clothes don’t construct like real sized clothes. So little Charlie is getting collections, birthday and Christmas.
On Display
You also have some of your work displayed in museums. Where are they? What are they?
I have work in four museums—an evening wrap at the Oakland Museum; three pieces at the DeYoung in San Francisco (hat, evening soufflé jacket, and black faille evening coat); The L.A. County Museum of Art (mermaid gown, couple of hats, couple of vests); and the V&A in London (an hat).
How did they end up being on display?
Some were gifted by me, some were gifted by clients, and some were gifted from estates of clients. A museum curator told me years ago that generally it was after 25 years in a client’s collection that they go into museums. That I have so many pieces there is good. I’ve been officially in business since 1987.
Strictly Entertainment
You also have another side to your creativity that veers into the entertainment business. I’m very interested to hear more about those creative avenues. You have a podcast, a novel and screenplay. How did you get involved in these?
I’m always looking to expand my horizons. Also, my second Saturn Return (age 60) was looming, and I was asking myself where to go next.
When I lived in San Francisco, I used to go to stand-up comedy, for enjoyment, as well as to observe and learn how they interact with an audience. After I moved to New York, I would go to what I call “Gay boy summer camp,” upstate. They always had a talent show, and a drag closet. So I decided for my talent to dress up and do some stand-up.
After one of these gigs, someone in the audience came up and told me I was good at it. He was a professional storyteller and said that I really knew how to tell a story. It occurred to me that I’ve been telling stories in class and to friends, so this seemed to be an avenue to follow.
The novel came about as a talking cure. In the mid-90’s, I had to help a friend out of an abusive relationship. It didn’t turn out like I had planned—it turned my life into a Fellini film for three years. Afterwards, I started writing to make sense of it. That turned into the novel, All Grown Up Now, a friendship in three acts. I self-published it after a frustrating round of talking to agents, them weighing in on what it should be, then saying they weren’t interested even if I changed it.
The novel brought forth the screenplay—it is act three in the novel. It was the story of going to Los Angeles to snatch my friend away, and what happened after. I’ve worked with a writing coach to refine it, and he has said it’s ready to shop around. I’m working with a woman who finds financing for films as well.
The podcast started as a way to get the novel in front of people—it’s the novel in installments. Episodes 1-29 are the novel, which I then turned into an audiobook. Starting with episode 30, people said I should continue, so I call it Season 2: Tales of a Checkered Past. This will one day morph into another audiobook.
I am enjoying the technique of telling a story with sound effects. I find the right sound effect can nail a pint or make a joke. This is an extension of studying stand-up; I listen to talk radio and observe how they use sound effects in addition to talk.
The podcast is also there to promote the film, to anyone who might be interested. It’s my way of telling this particular story to the world. That time in my life was huge—it really was a time where I learned a lot and stretched into a new area of life.
From Here to Where?
Where do you see these creative adventures going in the future?
Time will tell, but my aim is to have the film made, to tell this story. It’s about domestic violence in the gay community—something that isn’t talked about much. But domestic violence doesn’t have a gender, a social class, sexual preference—it’s just violence. It’s a universal story that just happens to be about two men. It’s also a tale of friendship—my friend Mark who got me out of Oklahoma, and how years later I got him out of that hellish relationship.
What should we be watching for next from Kenneth King? Anything new on the horizon you can tell us about?
Aside from pushing my projects forward, I have some articles for Threads Magazine coming out. This time seems to be one of gestation.
The Wisdom of Kenneth D. King
If you could leave us with 3 pearls of sewing wisdom, what would they be?
First—perfectionism is a disease. One can create the illusion of perfection, that’s the best one can do. It will never be perfect. Perfectionism is a form of fear—you can’t really learn anything from mistakes if you are obsessed with being perfect. Also, in my experience, perfectionists seem not to get anything finished.
This leads to the next bit—don’t be afraid of ruining a quantity of fabric, some good. It is the dues you will pay to be proficient. I had a student once who took 18 months to make a tailored jacket—as her first project. She was also a perfectionist. When she was finished (at my insistence), she was disappointed. She asked me how I got so good—my reply was that it wasn’t by taking 18 months on one piece.
Lastly, you don’t have to be good at everything. You just need to be good at what you want to make. That said, try new things, and try to be at least passable in other things.
A smart woman said to me years ago that if one is always at one’s best, one is, at best, mediocre. You don’t have to be brilliant at everything.
Oh. And make muslins!
~Sheryl Belson
Note: All images shared with permission
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